Electricity

Electric Charge: an electrical property of matter that creates electric and magnetic forces and interactions. Electric conductor: a material in which charges can move freely and that can carry an electric current. Electrical Insulator: a material that does not transfer current easily. Electric Force: the force of attraction or repulsion between objects due to charge. Electric Field: A region in space around a charged object that causes a stationary charged object to experience an electric force.
 * Name || Topic# || Research ||
 * Logan || 1 || Key Terms:

Electric charges are the building blocks of electricity, two of the same electric charges will move away or repel each other. One positive and one negative electric charge will move together or attract each other. When something negative touches something neutral, the electrons move from the negative to the positive. When the electrons move to the neutral from the negative the neutral changes to negative.

Objects have a huge amount of protons, neutrons, electrons together. When all of the three electric charges have the same amount particles there is no electric charge. If there is not a balanced amount of electric particles, the object has an electrical charge. If there is more protons than electrons, the object will have positive electrical charge. If there is more electrons than protons, the object will have a negative charge.

Electricity is basically everywhere. Electricity has to travel through conductors and or insulators to make things work safely. Conductors are mostly conductive metals that allow electrical charges to move freely in a current. Plastics, glass, silk, and cardboard are examples of insulators. Insulators restrict the conductive properties like conductors and its harder to move the electrical charge through an insulator than through a conductor.

When two objects that are differently charged(one positive, one negative), if one of them is a conductor like metal, and they come in contact with one another, they transfer currents and electric charges, and if you are touching the metal, you may experience a electrical shock.

The charges in a neutral conductor can be redistributed without contacting a charged object.



Electric Fields are when electric charges and objects interact with one another without touching one another. Charged particles within a force field will make a electric field around the particle itself. A positive charged particle will have force field lines starting touching it and moving away from it. A negative charged particle will have lines starting outside of it and move it towards the particle itself. Even though opposite charges attract one another, the force field lines will never touch or cross one another.

Some things that you may notice when you are doing household chores or in the house, explained on page 534 in the science textbook, for example, when you take out clothes from the dryer, some clothes may stick together and you have to pull them apart making electric sparks between the clothes. The attraction or force acting on the charges making them move together is called the electric force. When things are different charges and come in contact with it’s opposite, they usually will stick together until a force acts upon it to make them separate.

The electric force between two charged objects varies depending on the amount of charge on each object and the distance between them.

The Science Textbook
 * Reference**



[|__http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://blogs.uslhc.us/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/charge1.png&imgrefurl=http://www.quantumdiaries.org/2009/09/28/symmetry-in-physics-pt-2-discrete-symmetries-and-antimatter/&usg=__olgV_vM6yFYsJCUwtIqIPPX0yo4=&h=318&w=653&sz=15&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=5Uz1WvtLjF5mAM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=204&ei=dDrdTcrQCsTUgQf0g6zyDw&prev=/search%3Fq%3Delectric%2Bcharge%2Band%2Bforce%2Bpictures%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26sa%3DN%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D556%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1&iact=rc&dur=535&sqi=2&page=1&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0&tx=129&ty=61__]

[|__http://www.youtube.com/watch?playnext=1&index=0&feature=PlayLis t&v=bTkAc71C-NE&list=PL1B9AC52A02682ECE__]

Activity

Blow up a balloon. Tie the balloon end. Rub the balloon back and forth on your hair. The electric charges should repel and attract making your hair look spiky and messy. || key terms:
 * Tyler || 2 || There are definitions here from the book that you should know and might be helpful while reading this information

electrical potential energy- the ability to move an electric charge from one point to another potential difference-between any two points, the work that must be done against electric forces to move a unit charge that must be done against electric forces to move a unit charge from one point to the other cell- a device that is a source of electric current because of a potential difference, or voltage, between the terminals current- the rate that electric charges move through a conductor resistance- the opposition posed by a material or a device to the flow of current

An electric charge has potential energy. That means that it is ready to move. When there are two negative charges they will move away. They aren’t attracted to each other. Potential difference is when a charge moves from one place to another, when this happens the electric potential energy changes. Potential difference is measured in volts and has a SI unit of V.

Batteries take the liquid chemicals inside of them and change it to electrical energy so it can start cars, so we can use flashlights, etc. Batteries can have voltage from 1.5 to 12 volts. Every battery has one positive terminal and one negative terminal. The positive terminal is red, the negative is black. There are electrolytes in batteries and electrolytes conduct electricity. When you turn a switch on the electrodes in the battery move from the positive terminal to the negative one. When you have a negative charge going one way it is the same as a positive charge going in the other direction.

Almost all electrical appliances take 120V of energy to be used. When you buy light bulbs they can range from 40W to 100W. A 100W bulb would be brighter than a 40W bulb because a 40W bulb has more resistance. You can find resistance by using current and voltage. resistance=voltage/current. The SI unit for resistance is ohm. If you need to control a electric current you use a resistor.

A conductor is something that electron can go through easily. Metals are good conductors. Wires are conductors because electricity travels through them. A superconductor is something where all electrons go through it because it conducts them so well. Examples of superconductors are niobium, tin, and mercury. A semiconductor can be a insulator or a conductor depending on what state it is in. Examples of semiconductors are silicon and germanium. A insulator doesn’t allow the current to leave and go where it isn’t supposed to go. The earth is an example of an insulator because the current spreads out. This is called grounded. Wether or not charges will move in a material depends partly on how tightly electrons are held in the atoms of the material.

A current needs to have moving charges, it wouldn’t be a current if everything was staying in the same place. The unit for current is ampere. All electrons are attracted to positive terminals.

The following is an activity

Using a Lemon as a Cell

1. Use a knife to make cuts 6 cm apart Put a copper strip in one and a zinc strip in the other

2.Use two lengths of insulated copper wire that is the same size, connect both to a galvanometer

3. Put one wire on the copper strip and the other on the zinc strip Record reading for zinc-copper cell

4.Use different kinds of metals for strips and compare readings

5. Make a table

[]

The fan is using the electric current from the battery to move. The current goes from the positive terminal to the fan and back to the negative terminal.

The switch is turned on and the current comes from the battery(+) through the switch to the light bulb and back to the battery(-)



Insulators are on outside of wires so we don't get shocked

Where I got my info from

The science book

[]

[]

[]:www.luzenac.com/images/insulator_133.jpg&imgrefurl=[]

rubber.htm&usg=M727Sxp4QU4koIBy1OjIMdBZfeU=&h=140&w=200&sz=6&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=XE5UiIMqKCGizM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=160&ei=iUTdTcqsBIbMgQeussTwDw&prev=/search%3Fq%3Delectric%2Binsulator%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1169%26bih%3D615%26tbm%3Disch0,38&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=608&vpy=135&dur=1001&hovh=112&hovw=160&tx=84&ty=51&sqi=2&page=1&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0&biw=1169&bih=615

[]

[] || schematic diagram-a graphical representation of a circuit that uses lines to represent wires and different symbols to represent
 * Andrew || 3 || electric current-a set of electrical components connected such that they provide one or more complete paths for the movement of changes

series-the components of a circuit that form a single path for current

parallel-a circuit in which all of the components are connected to each other side by side

electrical energy-the energy that is associated with charged particles because of their positions

fuse-an electrical device that contains a metal strip that melts when current in the circuit becomes too great

circuit breaker-a switch that open a circuit automatically when the current exceeds a certain value

A switch opens and closes a circuit to turn power on and off.

If you overload a circuit you are using too many things at the same time because the wire has too much electricity.

A circuit will blow a fuse if too much current is being used. Electric Power Equation

power = current x voltage ↑ ↑ ↑ P = I V

By combining the electric power equation with the equation V=IR the power lost, or dissipated by a resistor can be calculated

P=I²R=V² R

Power in the Si Unit is watts or (W), the higher the number, the more electricity it requires to operate. || []

[]

[]